The United Kingdom, often simply referred to as Britain, comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe, the UK is an island nation with a rich history. London, the capital, is a global hub for finance, business, and culture. Other major cities include Birmingham, Liverpool, and Manchester in England; Belfast and Londonderry in Northern Ireland; Edinburgh and Glasgow in Scotland; and Cardiff in Wales. The UK has made significant contributions to global advancements in science, technology, and industry. Renowned for its cultural influence, the UK boasts a vibrant arts scene, with a global impact in literature, theater, film, television, and music.